Ammonia Carriers: When Toxicity Leads
An ammonia carrier holds its cargo exactly the way an LPG carrier does. The instruments, the water spray and the protective equipment are different, because the hazard that arrives first is different.
Topic · 8 articles
Engineering Intelligence
LPG and Gas Carriers: Cool It or Squeeze It
There are two ways to make a gas into a liquid - take heat out or put pressure in. Where a gas carrier sits between them decides its tanks, its machinery and its certificate.
Cargo Tank Level Gauging: One Number, Two Paths
One number from a radar cargo tank gauge becomes a custody record on one path and an alarm on the other — while the shutdown valve answers to a sensor of its own, by rule.
Hold Washing: When Clean Is Defined by Contract
An engineering and authority analysis of the bulk carrier hold washing system (SYS-035) — why its completion criterion comes from the charterparty rather than a regulation, and what that changes about its cyber exposure.
Gas Bunkering: A Safety Function Across Two Hulls
The ESD link and vapour-return line of an LNG bunkering vessel bind two ships into one safety function. An engineering and authority analysis of SYS-215.
Crude Oil Washing: The System That Rules Built
An engineering and cyber analysis of the crude oil washing system — five BOM rows, four typologies, and a safety case owned by a neighbouring system.
LNG Carriers: When Boiling Cargo Designs the Ship
An LNG carrier does not hold its cargo, it handles it. A working guide to what the ship carries, how it is laid out, what it repeats every voyage, and who inspects it.
Anti-Heeling: When One Sensor Moves Hundreds of Tonnes
A system no rule was found to require holds one of the shortest physical authority paths on a ship. A typology-level analysis of anti-heeling under the Interaction–Authority–Physical Effect model.