Cargo Tank Level Gauging: One Number, Two Paths
One number from a radar cargo tank gauge becomes a custody record on one path and an alarm on the other — while the shutdown valve answers to a sensor of its own, by rule.
Topic · 6 articles
OT Security
Gas Bunkering: A Safety Function Across Two Hulls
The ESD link and vapour-return line of an LNG bunkering vessel bind two ships into one safety function. An engineering and authority analysis of SYS-215.
Crude Oil Washing: The System That Rules Built
An engineering and cyber analysis of the crude oil washing system — five BOM rows, four typologies, and a safety case owned by a neighbouring system.
IACS UR E27 Asks You to Prove Up to 41 Applicable Security Capabilities — None of Them Inspect the Model
UR E27 asks equipment suppliers to prove 41 security capabilities by test. Every one of them was written on the assumption that software is deterministic — and some of the systems now arriving at class review are not.
When National Cyber Regulation Becomes a Ship Requirement — CIRCIA, the MTSA Cyber Rule, EO 14028 vs. IACS UR E26/E27
Three U.S. instruments and one class standard reach the same hull from opposite ends of its life.
[Spotlight Post] Not Every Ship Is the Same Target: Cyber Risk by Type and Size
Tankers, container ships, LNG carriers and cruise ships face different threats — and vessel size and automation reshape the attack surface. A read through the lens of geopolitics.